Is this informational and repeatable — or judgement-, relationship-, and standard-shaped?
2
Where does the weakness sit — in the information layer (handoffs, lookups, repeated rework, scattered data) or in human judgement, relationship, or a missing standard?
The book's test for "software-shaped pain": when the weakness sits in the information layer itself, a tool can clear it. When it sits in judgement, relationship, or a standard, software won't fix it.